Analytic geometry Essay Example

Analytic geometry Essay There is a checkbox at the bottom of the exam form that you MUST check prior to submitting this exam. Failure to do so may cause your work to be lost. - Top of Form Question 1 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points) What is the measure of the third angle? 30. 5 55 35 149. 5 Question 2 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points) What are two qualities that make an equilateral triangle unique? Three congruent sides and three congruent angles Three noncongruent sides and three congruent angles Three noncongruent sides and two congruent angles Two congruent sides and three noncongruent angles Question 3 (Multiple Choice Worth 3 points) What is the value of G? 37 14 83 97 Question 4 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points) A triangle has the following measurements. What is a possible length for the third side? GH = 19, HJ = 8, JG = ? 17 27 6 11 Question 5 (Multiple Choice Worth 3 points) What is the most accurate name for the triangle? right acute isosceles obtuse scalene equilateral Question 6 (Multiple Choice Worth 3 points) Which triangle always has at least two congruent sides? obtuse equiangular right acute scalene isosceles Question 7 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points) What is the m? ADC? 57. 5 65 115 90 Question 8 (Multiple Choice Worth 3 points) If m? BDC = 125, what is the m? ABD? 70 55 115 60 NOT SURE IF YOU CAN DO THIS ONE. IF YOU CAN TRY. I HVE NO UNDERSTANDING OF THE BELOW. 1. Draw a line segment and copy it to the right of the original segment. Explain your steps and justify each step used. 2. Bisect the original line segment from problem one. 3. Draw an angle and copy it to the right of the original angle. Explain your steps and justify each step used. 4. Bisect the original angle from problem three. 05. 04 Coordinate Geometry We will write a custom essay sample on Analytic geometry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Analytic geometry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Analytic geometry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Warning: There is a checkbox at the bottom of the exam form that you MUST check prior to submitting this exam. Failure to do so may cause your work to be lost. - Top of Form Question 1 (Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) (05. 04) The following set of coordinates represents which figure? (-5, 3), (-2, 5), (2, 4), (-4, 0) kite parallelogram rectangle trapezoid Question 2 (Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) (05. 04) If quadrilateral JKLM is a kite, what is the ordered pair of its missing vertex? (-2, -1) (-2, 2) (-4, -1) (-4, 2) Question 3 (Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) 05. 04) If quadrilateral FGHI is an isosceles trapezoid, what is the ordered pair of its missing vertex? (10, 4) (7, 4) (8, 4) (11, 4) Question 4 (Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) (05. 04) If quadrilateral BDMZ is a rhombus, which of the following ordered pairs could be a vertex? (1, -1) (2, 3) (1, 3) (2, 2) Question 5 (Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) (05. 04) Quadrilateral ABCD has coordinates (3, 5), (5, 2), (8, 4), (6, 7). Quadrilateral ABCD is a rectangle because its length is units, its width is units, and adjacent sides are perpendicular trapezoid because it has only one pair of parallel sides quare because its length and width are both units and adjacent sides are perpendicular rhombus because its length and width are both units and adjacent sides are not perpendicular Bottom of Form 06. 02 Translations and Reflections Warning: There is a checkbox at the bottom of the exam form that you MUST check prior to submitting this exam. Failure to do so may cause your work to be lost. - Top of Form Question 1 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points) Pentagon PQRST and its reflection, pentagon PQRST, are shown in the coordinate plane below. What is the line of reflection between pentagons PQRST and PQRST? y = x y = 0 x = 1 x = 0 Question 2 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points) Pentagon ABCDE and pentagon ABCDE are shown on the coordinate plane below. Which two transformations are applied to pentagon ABCDE to create ABCDE? translated according to the rule (x, y) (x + 7, y + 1) and reflected across the x-axis translated according to the rule (x, y) (x + 1, y + 7) and reflected across the axis translated according to the rule (x, y) (x + 7, y + 1) and reflected across the y-axis translated according to the ule (x, y) (x + 1, y + 7) and reflected across the y-axis Question 3 (Fill-In-The-Blank Worth 2 points) Trapezoid TUVW is shown on the coordinate plane below. If trapezoid TUVW represents trapezoid TUVW reflected over the y-axis, the ordered pair of W is ___________. (Note: You must include parentheses and a comma when typing the ordered pair. ) Answer for Blank 1: Question 4 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points) Quadrilateral LMNO is shown on the coordinate plane below. If quadrilateral LMNO represents the reflection of quadrilateral LMNO across the line y = x, which point is at the ordered pair (3, 2)? N O M L Question 5 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points) Triangle XYZ is shown on the coordinate plane below. If triangle XYZ is reflected across the line y = 1 to create triangle XYZ, what is the ordered pair of X? (-4, 5) (-2, 5) (4, -3) (4, -5) Question 6 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points) Triangle ABC is translated on the coordinate plane below to create triangle ABC. If parallelogram EFGH is translated according to the same rule that translated triangle ABC, what is the ordered pair of point H? (-3, -3) (4, 9) (7, 6) (0, -5) Question 7 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points) Hexagon DEFGHI is translated on the coordinate plane below to create hexagon DEFGHI. Which rule represents the translation of hexagon DEFGHI to hexagon DEFGHI? (x, y)(x 9, y 3) (x, y)(x 3, y 9) (x, y)(x + 3, y + 3) (x, y)(x + 9, y + 9) Question 8 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points) Trapezoid JKLM is shown on the coordinate plane below. If trapezoid JKLM is translated according to the rule (x, y) (x + 2, y – 6), what are the coordinates of point L? (1, -4) (-4, -1) (-7, 4) (0, 7) Question 9 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points) A city grid of Anytown, USA is shown on the grid below. The fire department is represented by quadrilateral RSTU. Another fire department is opening in a different part of the city to maximize fire protection. The size of the new departments property must be congruent to the older department. Vertices A and B are plotted on the grid to represent two vertices of the new fire department quadrilateral ABCD. What could be the ordered pairs representing vertices C and D of quadrilateral ABCD so that the new fire department is congruent to the old fire department? C(1, 1), D(4, 1) C(1, 6), D(4, 6) C(1, 2), D(4, 2) C(1, 4), D(4, 4) Question 10 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points) Jared is flying a kite in the park. It is reflected in the surface of a nearby pond. Jareds kite, labeled JKLM, is graphed on the coordinate plane below. If kite JKLM represents the reflection of kite JKLM over the x-axis, what is the ordered pair of point J? (-5, -2) (5, 7) (-5, -7) (7, -5) Bottom of Form 06. 04 Rotations Warning: There is a checkbox at the bottom of the exam form that you MUST check prior to submitting this exam. Failure to do so may cause your work to be lost. - Top of Form Question 1 (Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) Pentagon ABCDE is shown on the coordinate plane below. If pentagon ABCDE is rotated 180Â ° around the origin to create pentagon A’B’C’D’E’, what is the ordered pair of point D’? (-1, 2) (2, 1) (1, -2) (-2, -1) Question 2 (Fill-In-The-Blank Worth 3 points) Use the figure shown below to answer the question that follows. What is the order of rotation of this figure? Numerical Answers Expected! Answer for Blank 1: Question 3 (Fill-In-The-Blank Worth 3 points) What is the angle of rotation for a regular octagon? Note: Be sure to type out the word degrees, instead of the symbol. ) Answer for Blank 1: Question 4 (Multiple Choice Worth 3 points) How many total lines of symmetry may be found in the image below? 16 8 12 4 Question 5 (Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) Parallelogram JKLM is shown on the coordinate plane below. If parallelogram JKLM is rotated 270Â ° clockwise around the origin, what are the coordinates of the endpoints of the side congruent to side KL in the image parallelogram? K’(-4, -6); L’(3, -3) K’(-6, -4); L’(-3, -3) K’(6, 4); L’(3, 3) K’(-4, 6); L’(-3, -3) Question 6 (Multiple Choice Worth 3 points) Triangles DEF and D’E’F’ are shown on the coordinate plane below. What rotation was applied to triangle DEF to create triangle D’E’F’? none of the above 90Â ° counterclockwise 180Â ° 90Â ° clockwise Bottom of Form THIS IS ANOTHER ONE. NOT SURE IF YOU ARE ABLE TO MAKE THESE LINES OR COME CLOSE. AGAIN THIS IS FOR A HIGH SCHOOLER SO IT DOESN’T HAVE TO BE PERFECT. Now that you know how to construct, its time to create your own constructions. Complete the tasks below. 1. Using a compass and straightedge, construct parallel lines. 2. Construct parallel lines using GeoGebra or another construction program. . Using a compass and straightedge, construct perpendicular lines. 4. Construct perpendicular lines using GeoGebra or another construction program. 07. 03 Lateral and Surface Area Warning: There is a checkbox at the bottom of the exam form that you MUST check prior to submitting this exam. Failure to do so may cause your work to be lost. - Top of Form Question 1 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points) What is the lateral area of a rectangular prism if the base edges are 6 meters and 4 meters and the height is 7 meters? 140 m2 4 m2 24 m2 122 m2 Question 2 (Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) The height of an equilateral rectangular prism increases by four units. The new lateral area is more than the original by how much? four more than the perimeter of the base four times the the area of the base four times the perimeter of the base four more than the area of the base Question 3 (Multiple Choice Worth 3 points) A square pyramid has a slant height of 17 inches and a height of 15 inches. What is its surface area if the square base has sides of length 16 inches? 224 in2 480 in2 800 in2 864 in2 Question 4 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points) What is the lateral area of a triangular prism with base edges all equaling 4 feet and a height of 10 feet? 160 ft2 180 ft2 140 ft2 120 ft2 Question 5 (Multiple Choice Worth 3 points) A prism has a right triangle as its base with a hypotenuse that measures 5 meters and legs that measure 3 meters and 4 meters. What is the surface area of this prism if the height of the prism is 6 meters? 102 m2 96 m2 78 m2 84 m2 Question 6 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points) Which of the following is a situation where finding the lateral area would be appropriate? Determining how many bricks are needed to build a pyramid with a brick floor. Determining how much water is needed to fill a rectangular tank. Determining how much stucco is needed to stucco the walls and roof of a building. Determining how much paint is needed to paint the walls of your bedroom. Question 7 (Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) Observe the composite figure below. The bottom shape is a cube with base edges of 6 inches. The top shape is a right pyramid with a height of 4 inches. What is the surface area of this composite figure? 180 in2 60 in2 240 in2 36 in2 Bottom of Form

The role of physics in our daily lives Essays

The role of physics in our daily lives Essays The role of physics in our daily lives Essay The role of physics in our daily lives Essay 1 ROLE OF PHYSICS IN OUR DAILY LIFE Introduction We are populating in the century of scientific discipline and engineering and debut of scientific discipline in our daily has transformed our lives. When people had no thought about scientific discipline, even so their lives were governed by rules of different subdivisions of scientific discipline. When we light a fire, it is a chemical procedure ; when we eat and digest nutrient, it is biological procedure ; when we walk on Erath, it is governed by Torahs of natural philosophies ; when an Earthquake occurs, it’s a seismal activity ; when we talk about different terrains and treasures of Earth surface, it is related to Geology. There is no individual activity of our lives, which define our one or other field of scientific discipline. Similarly, natural philosophies governs our mundane lives and is involved in a figure of activities we perform and things we use in our day-to-day life. Here we will discourse how natural philosophies is playing its portion in running our mundane undertakings and aids us to make our errands, jobs and responsibilities swimmingly and efficaciously. Body Physicss is considered natural scientific discipline because it deals with the things like affair, force, energy and gesture. As these all are related to task related to mundane life, so, we can state that natural philosophies surveies how the existence works, how Earth Moves around the Sun, how lightening work stoppages, how our icebox plants and many more. In short, natural philosophies define how everything works around us. When can non divide anything from scientific discipline and, our universe can non unplug itself from the admirations of Physics. When we look around us, we can see a figure of things that work on the rules of Physics. We can explicate our several activities by doing usage of the cognition of Physics. Here, we will discourse some of the illustration, which will assist us to larn how natural philosophies is playing its portion in our lives each twenty-four hours. Walking A figure of rules of natural philosophies are involved in simple act of walking. It involves constructs of weight, Newton’s three Torahs of inactiveness, clash, gravitative jurisprudence and possible and kinetic energy. When we walk, we really act like an upside-down pendulum. When we put the pes on land, it becomes our axis and our mass is centered in our venters, depicting the form of an discharge. When we set pes on land, we really put weight i.e w=mg and use rearward force on land, as the response to our weight, land responds by an opposing force which is perpendicular in nature, on leg which slows us down and this decelerating procedure continues unless our leg comes nighest to our pot. When leg is traveling, kinetic energy is at upper limit and possible energy is zero, but, when leg reaches nearest to belly or curve, possible energy ranges to its upper limit. When another measure is taken, the stored possible energy is converted to kinetic energy and this procedure conti nues. We act as an progressive pendulum, because all possible energy is non converted into kinetic energy. Merely 65 per centum of energy is provided by stored possible energy to take following measure, staying 35 per centum is provided by bio chemical procedures. ( Kunzig, 2001 ) When we walk we really do some work in physical footings, as W=F*S, when we exert some force and as a consequence of it we cover some distance we really do work. During walking, Newton’s three Torahs of gesture are applied. First jurisprudence of gesture provinces that, a organic structure remains in province of remainder unless a force is applied on it. When we are at remainder, inactiveness is at upper limit. Body needs largest sum of force to acquire out of province of inactiveness, i.e when we start walking. When we talk first measure the energy is transferred from pes to upper organic structure parts and we start traveling, during the procedure of walking inertia supports on altering additions when we set pes on land and lessenings when we move the pes up. Second jurisprudence of gesture provinces that a=F/m i.e acceleration is straight relative to the force we use or exert while walking, hence, when we will use more force, our acceleration will increase. Third jurisprude nce of gesture is about action and reaction, when we set pes on land we exert force on it and as a consequence to it land exerts reactionist perpendicular force on organic structure. ( Patricia Ann Kramer, 2011 ) Cooking Thermodynamicss is a subdivision of natural philosophies that trades with heat, temperature and work done due to it. Heat is a signifier of energy that can be transferred from one medium to another i.e heat transportation. For heat transportation, heat travels from hotter surface to cooler. When we put pan, with H2O or something else in it, on firing stove the energy in fire of range touches cold pan, it starts reassigning heat to the pan therefore doing it beak. This phenomenon is called conductivity. Convection is a procedure of motion of molecules in liquid and gases. When we heat the pan, the H2O molecules on the base of pan start heating up, a clip comes when they get adequate energy and go hotter than the molecules around them, so they start traveling to the surface of H2O. The H2O molecules on the surface are ice chest and heavier from hot H2O, due to less heat energy, therefore get down traveling down, this procedure continues until all H2O comes at same temperature. ( ouchma th, 2011 ) The cookery procedure is an unfastened system, because in this both affair and energy is lost. Harmonizing to zeroth jurisprudence of thermodynamics energy should be conserved, in our instance the energy lost by fire is used by pot to heat H2O and therefore the entire energy remains conserved. If we use pressure cooker it uses heated energy to convey self-generated alterations into nutrient by utilizing kinetic energy of molecules to convey chemical alterations in nutrient ; therefore fulfilling jurisprudence of thermodynamics that self-generated plants are done due to work energy. ( Lathbridge, 2013 ) Cuting fruits and veggies When we cut fruit and vegetable, we neer realize that natural philosophies could be involved in this simple undertaking, but, certainly it is. In order to cut anything, we have to exercise force per unit area on knife. When we increase the force per unit area we can cut an object easy. Pressure is dependent on force and country i.e straight dependent on force and reciprocally dependent on country. In simple footings we can state that when we exert more force we can cut an object easy, but, if same force is applied with a knife with thicker borders, we can non it. From experiences we learn that the knives which have borders with smaller surface country can assist to cut an object easy. Similarly, we can cut easy with a sharper knife than blunt. The blunt knife offers more clash, due to its unsmooth borders ; therefore doing it hard to cut an object. Sing Our eyes are an unbelievable gift by God. We see admirations of the universe, by this little organ. When we talk about parts of organic structure and their map, it is the general construct that we are speaking about biological science. But, we neglect the fact that maps of our organic structure parts are besides working under the Torahs of natural philosophies and chemical science. If we talk about the sense of seeing, we come to cognize that our eyes work as a camera to see things around us. The lens in our eyes is bulging i.e it converges or focuses visible radiation. When light enters our oculus, cornea and lens focus the visible radiation. Iris controls the sum of light come ining the oculus and flag creates an image on retina, which is existent and upside-down i.e like in camera. The image of visible radiation is converted into electrical signal, by photoreceptors, and sent to vision Centre of encephalon by ocular nervus. The vision centre analyses the electric signal and arrang es it into its original signifier i.e to be seen by oculus. The image we can see is due to the sum of visible radiation reflected from that object. This is the ground why we can non see in dark. ( Edmondson, 2005 ) Eyes can comprehend different forms and colourss of the objects. Light consists of seven colourss, when it falls on an object say, book of colour ruddy, it absorbs all the colourss and reflect ruddy colour. This helps us to construe that the screen of this book is ruddy. When light falls a white object so it reflects all the colourss and that’s why it seems white ( we besides regard light as white visible radiation ) . Similarly, when visible radiation falls on black object it absorbs all the light and reflects nil that’s why that object looks black. ( Pappas, 2010 ) Opening and shutting door Physicss is besides involved in gap and shutting of hinged doors. The phenomenon involved in gap and shutting of door is torque. Torsion is the force required to swirl an object about an axis or fulcrum. When we open a door by utilizing the grip, at farthest topographic point from flexible joint, we can easy open the door by bring forthing torsion, ? ®=F*l wickedness ?Y , where cubic decimeter is the distance of flexible joint from door boss or grip. ( Lesson 27a: Torsion ( AP Merely ) , 2013 ) If the boss is located near the flexible joint, we have to exercise more torsion, therefore bring forthing less angular acceleration. When we apply force perpendicular to the door, larger angular acceleration is produced. When we apply force on the door boss, oblige the door to revolve on its axis therefore moving on the rule of torsion. Torque is positive when we open the door clockwise and negative if we open it anticlockwise. ( Broholom, 1997 ) Decision Here, we have seen a limited illustration of natural philosophies, but over life is governed by this subdivision of scientific discipline. Physicss governs a batch of natural phenomenon and besides specify a figure of adult male made things like autos, iceboxs, microwave and escalators. Hence, we can state that our universe is ruled by natural philosophies. Plants Cited Broholom, C. ( 1997, October 20 ) .Opening a door.Retrieved from John Hopkins University: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pha.jhu.edu/~broholm/l18/node3.html Edmondson, R. ( 2005, November 11 ) .How are we able to see things?Retrieved from MyUniversalFacts: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.myuniversalfacts.com/2005/11/how-are-we-able-to-see-things.html Kunzig, R. ( 2001 ) . The Physics of Walking.DISCOVER Vol. 22 No. 07. Lathbridge, A. ( 2013, June 06 ) .Thermodynamicss of Cooking.Retrieved from Science menu: hypertext transfer protocol: //sciencefare.org/2013/06/26/thermodynamics-of-cooking/ Lesson 27a: Torsion ( AP Merely ) .( 2013, March 12 ) . Retrieved from studyphysics.ca: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.studyphysics.ca/2007/20/ap_torque/27_ap_a_torque.pdf ouchmath. ( 2011, January 25 ) .THE PHYSICS OF Cooking. Retrieved from OUCH MATH: hypertext transfer protocol: //ouchmath.wordpress.com/2011/01/25/the-physics-of-cooking/ Pappas, t. ( 2010, April 29 ) .How Do We See in Color?Retrieved from Live Science: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.livescience.com/32559-why-do-we-see-in-color.html Patricia Ann Kramer, A. D. ( 2011 ) . The Energetic Cost of Walking: A Comparison of Predictive Methods.PLoS ONE, 6 ( 6 ), Department of the Interior: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021290.

Religious Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Religious Studies - Essay Example Religious Definition by Steve Bruce: In his book â€Å"God is Dead: Secularization in the West†, 2002, Steve Bruce defines religion as â€Å" beliefs, actions and institutions predicated on the existence of entities with power of agency (that is gods) or impersonal powers or processes possessed of moral purpose (the Hindu notion of Karma), which can set the conditions of, or intervene in human affairs†. Comparison of the Definitions: My definition starts with the element of sharing, whereas in the definition of Steve Bruce there is no element of sharing. From the perspective of individuality and extreme secularization the element of sharing in my definition is a weakness. It makes it necessary that religion is not individualistic, but a shared activity of a group. From my perspective I do not find this a weakness. Social living is an essential part of human existence. Social interaction and society developed from sharing of common factors that bound a group of humans together, which included religion. With time, in more advanced societies tolerance of members with belief in other religions became a norm and so no longer was it necessary that all members of a society or community shared the same religion. Still religion is shared and is not an individualistic belief and action, as even Steve Bruce makes institutions a necessary part of religion. In my definition religion needs to answer the purpose of existence and having served this purpose to the satisfaction of the almighty, what happens after death.

Social Problems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Problems - Essay Example In this way, the competing views of societal understanding as compared to medical science can be understood as a function of how they share vastly different views on the same topic. Of course, prior to beginning an analysis of how the medical community, evidenced by this particular article, views drug addiction, it is necessary to point out that neither science nor society behave as a singular entity. What is meant by this is that although prevailing views exist within each group, neither one can be categorically defined as all believing a certain way with reference to a certain issue. In this way, the views and opinions that will be discussed within this brief analysis will be from the point of view that the author has interpreted the majority of society and the medical/scientific community to espouse these views. Obviously, this means that there are elements of both groups that do not subscribe to these prevailing theories or their derivatives. Firstly, it should be understood that the prevailing view in society is that drug use and abuse is something that afflicts â€Å"weak† individuals; or those that simply cannot â€Å"say no to drugs†. In this way, a theory develops in which society views the entire drug use/abuse dynamic in a way that simply dismisses the issue as something that can be defined by an overall lack of willpower. This lack of willpower is further illustrated, so they believe, by the fact that not only could the drug user have the moral fiber to resist the drug in the first place, they additionally cannot find within themselves the courage and perseverance to put the drug away once they are hooked on it. This failure to understand the chemical dependencies that help to define drug abuse for the tens of thousands of individuals who suffer from this on a daily basis is quite an oversight. Although

Social Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Social Psychology - Essay Example Social psychology is a â€Å" scientific study of the effects of social and cognitive processes on the way individuals perceive, influence and relate to others† (Smith & Mackie, 2000, p. 3). Different psychologists have tried to explain the impact of society on human being. However, Floyd Allport believed that society does not influence the thinking of human being. Floyd Allport said that , â€Å"the individual in the crowd behaves just as he would behave alone, only more so†, as according to him, human being’s behavior in the society is a result of his own thinking, feelings, perception and nature and not the result of society’s influence on him (Allport & Wozniak, 1994, p.295). What Allport suggests is that all the aspects of human behavior and human nature like self identity, attitude, prejudice, discrimination, performance, self image etc. are results of his own thinking and what he makes out of that thinking. His own thinking pattern and the perception of the social behavior makes him to form a picture of the society. Hence, the aspects of behavior pattern which we think are shaped by the society are in fact shaped by man’s own thinking and feelings. According to Allport (1954), discrimination is the extension of behavior and it makes person use behavioral elements like harsh words, exclusion, avoidance and also physical attack (Lott & Maluso, 1995, p.4). Hence, it can be said that the behavior pattern of prejudice and the discrimination that man practices against people belonging to certain race, class or skin color is not a result of social influence but is a result of his own belief and thinking. The question is, even if

Developing a Nursery That Meets the Needs of a Child

Developing a Nursery That Meets the Needs of a Child Foundations to Psychology This essay will look into how the designs of nurseries, in light of relevant research will contribute to meeting the cognitive, social, emotional and physical needs of children aged three to five years old. The aim of this essay will be to provide a range of activities that nurseries could in cooperate into their timetable to meet these needs. Cognitive The key elements of the cognitive theory is to try and explain the method and processes by which an infant, and then a child will develop into an adult, who can think and reason using hypotheses (simplypsychology.2009.) Cognition consists of the development of perception, attention, language, memory and thinking. As children develop they acquire the cognitive structures that stay with them throughout their lives. Psychologist Jean Piaget viewed cognitive development as maturational process which focuses on childrens interactions with the physical word, and how they view it in their mind. He suggested that children think differently than adults and that they actively try to explore and make an understanding of the world. (simplypsychology, ND.) There are four stages to Piagets cognitive theory, but the one that is most relevant to a nursery caring for three to five year olds is the preoperational stage. This is the idea that children cannot conserve because they like to please people (psychologyabout,  ND.) To test if children were egocentric, Piaget used the three mountain tasks, where children were shown a mountain that had snow on it and a hut on the other side, they were then asked what could be seen from a different perspective (simplypsychology,  ND.) A child of age three to five is beginning to think with numbers and symbols and develop memory strategies. An activity relevant to developing this would be placing counters in front of a child and asking them how many counters they have, this is encouraging them to think logically. Piaget believed that each child moves from stage to stage at their own pace, and that in the classroom you have to look at what stage each child is, to move them forward. So ones who are at a further stage would be able to do more complicated counting tasks. Another activity would be mouse trap, children would have to work together to keep the mouse from being trapped, making the children having to see someone elses point of view and developing their inability to conserve according to Piaget. (littlechildren,  ND.) Lev Vygotskys theory for cognitive development relies on the zone of proximal development. The three different levels are what I cant do, what I can do with help and what I can do. This is known as Vygotskys scaffolding theory and it was to try and explain that social interaction is important for cognitive development. (simplypsychology,  2007.) Vygotsky suggested that having interaction with older people would be an effective way to develop skills. So nurseries could pair up a five year old child with a three year old child and they could work together to complete a puzzle, this would give the three year old the help from an older peer which could help them to complete the puzzle on their own eventually (simplypsychology,  2007.) Piagets contributions to cognitive development in children are not flawless. Piaget didnt take into account who he was talking to, children of that age like to say whatever would please someone, so if a child is asked what is two add two, the child will answer four, but then if they are asked now what is two add two the child will think that they have answered the question incorrectly and will give a different answer. Physical The key elements of physical development in children is the physical maturation of an individuals body up until it reaches the adult stage. A childs physical and measurable growth such as weight and height are taking place. Physical development concerns the development of our bodys structure and processes during life and how these developments help of hold back how we think and behave socially and emotionally. Everyone develops physically at roughly the same age but the physical changes that occur may vary from one person to another. (psychologyabout,  ND.) According to theorist Mary Sheridan, at three years old, a child will be able to walk up the stairs, cut with scissors and turn while running and pulling toys, so they are able to multi task. At four years old, a child can turn sharp corners, they can run, push and pull, and they can hop and climb. Then at five years old, they can skip and dance and hop (childdevelopmentchart,  2013.) Sheridan also suggests that in terms of other physical developments a child of aged three to five years would be able to give their name and address, they can help with dressing themselves, use their fork and spoon, be able to draw a person and be able to speak roughly 1500 words. (childdevelopmentchart,  2013.) Sheridan says that children between aged three and five should be able to draw figures, so nurseries could cater for this type of physical development by having art sessions where children can draw or paint family portraits. This would also improve their fine motor skills such as fingers and hands. Another theorist Arnold Gesell identified the importance of the role of nature and heredity in childrens development. There is a psychology debate about whether our nature (biological heritage ) or our nurture (the environment we are brought up in.) Gesell believed that a timetable could be used to outline the developmental growth of every child. (ehow,  ND.) Gesell indentified the typical behaviours of children through their childhood. He categorized these behaviours into different areas which he called the gradients of growth. The ones that would be mostly used at a nursery would personal hygiene, motor characteristics, school life and play and pastimes. (education,  ND.) In terms of physical activities to help a childs development and to help work on their gross motor skills (arms and legs,) nurseries could provide a playtime, where children have the chance to interact with each other, play games and have a run around. This would be part of the play and pastimes section on Gesells timetable. (developmentalpsychology,  ND.) Gesells theory of development has been accepted as it is still used today, however there are criticisms of his theory because his timetable only went up to the ages of five, so there is no developmental stages for the childhood beyond that age (ehow,  ND.) Emotional Emotional development is how an individual develops emotional competence, for example how they deal with emotions and how their identities develop. For a child, hints of their personalities will start to show, so if they are upset of angry they may kick and scream as a way of dealing with that emotion. How a child is treated and their relationships contribute to their emotional development. Psychologist Wolcott believed that if a child brings in a toy that reminds them of home and their mother they will still have this attachment. This toy would be the mother substitute because they are recognising it as something from being at home. So if the child became upset from missing home which children tend to do when they are going to nursery for the first time, they have something to remind them of home. (psychologytoday,  ND.) A more interactive activity that would strengthen a childs emotional development would be a persona doll. A persona doll is a puppet and could be used at nurseries to put on a show where different situations are created and the children would be asked how they would feel if such a situation happened to them. This would help a child to understand emotions and how they might feel. (personadolltraining,  ND.) Michael Rutter believed that you have to have a mother or a mother substitute in the first five years of life. Rutter conducted a study on children at an orphanage of whom had suffered emotional deprivation. He looked at adopted children and how when they were adopted into families their weight and their IQs had improved dramatically (pbworks,  ND.) Michael concluded that if a child doesnt develop an emotional attachment this is privation whereas deprivation is the loss of an attachment. (simplypsychology,  ND.) John Bowlbys attachment theory looked at the attachment relationship between parents and their children. Bowlby believed that if an infant was unable to develop a warm relationship with their mother, the child would have difficulty forming relationships with other people (bowlbyattachmenttheory,  ND.) Bowlby was convinced that the mother and baby bond was formed on a biological basis and that the baby is born with the need to form their bond and the mother has the instinct to form this bond. Bowlby suggested that a child would form only one attachment, normally their mother and this figure would act as their secure base when they explore the world. This one attachment acts as a starting relationship for future relationships that the child may have. (simplypsychology,  ND.) In light of what Bowlby and Rutter say about the importance of having the mother of the mother substitute, nurseries could assign carers or teaching assistants to groups of children or to each child if there is enough. Bowlby in particular said that consistency is important, so by assigning a carer to each child, there would be the mother substitute always there for that child. (littlechildren,  ND.) The implications of Bowlbys theory are that he suggested that the mother should be the constant carer therefore implying that the mother should not go out to work as she should be at home looking after the children and keeping this consistent bond (simplypsychology,  ND.) Social The key element of social development is socialisation, how individuals develop social abilities by building relationships and how they form friendships. For a child they will develop same sex relationships known as vertical relationships, and they will form friendships by playing with other children. Social development looks into our moral development, groups and peer group influences. Theorist Erik Erikson developed the psychosocial theory. Erikson had eight development stages, but the one that applies to a child of aged three to five is initiative vs guilt, this is where children start to understand purpose and the meaning of different things (currentnursing,  ND.) During the initiative vs guilt stage, conscience and imagination develops, children begin to understand what people expect of them whether it be at home or at school. Children can begin to assert some kind of power and control through direction of play which can include fantasies. (childdevelopmentchart,  2013.) The best way to in cooperate Eriksons psychosocial theory would be with indoor activities. At a certain time of day at a nursery, children could have the chance to have a play time indoors where there are sandpits, a play kitchen and a play house. The children would be in groups and they would rotate so that they could have the chance to play with each thing. This would give the children a chance to interact with each other and use their imagination to play restaurants or mummys and daddys with the play house or kitchen (jubed,  ND.) Albert Banduras social learning theory emphasized the importance of observing behaviour. Most human behaviour is learned through modelling by observation. The social learning theory explains that human behaviour is interaction of different influences; behavioural and environmental. Bandura believed that an individual is more likely to adopt behaviour if it results in outcomes that are valuable to them. (instructionaldesign.ND.) Banduras theory is supported by the bobo doll experiment. Children observed an adult attacking a bobo doll to try and knock it down, the children then imitated this behaviour (simplypsychology,  ND.) When meeting childrens social needs in light of Banduras experiment on the bobo doll in which behaviours are learned, a nursery would ensure that children behave correctly, and that no violent or aggressive behaviour is tolerated. Also children would learn to put their hand up when they want to speak. This way they are learning how to behave when they are at school. Criticisms of the social learning theory are that they rejecting the differences in individuals such as genetics, brain and learning differences which could affect how they perceive and respond to behaviour. With the bobo doll experiment, critics have argued against saying that children manipulated into responding to the attack on the doll. Children were further teased because they could not knock the doll down (criminology,  ND.) This is the way to go about creating a nursery that would meet the cognitive, social, emotional and physical needs of children aged three to five years old. There is a lot of evidence from doing experiments such as Piagets three mountains experiments and observations like Rutters orphanage study that supports the theorists and their theories, therefore strengthening the ideas on how a child develops in each criteria. Essentially every child develops differently and at a different pace, but looking collectively at children aged three to five years, there are certain activities that nurseries could use to help children thrive emotionally, socially, physically and cognitively. Reference List bowlbyattachmenttheory.(ND). Retrieved from http://explorable.com/bowlby-attachment-theory instructional design. (ND). Retrieved from http://www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/social-development.html childdevelopmentchart.(2013). Retrieved from http://pgcegroup3.files.wordpress.com/2013/11/child-development-chart.pdf psychologyabout.(ND). Retrieved from http://psychology.about.com/od/developmentalpsychology/ss/early-childhood-development_2.htm jubed.(ND). Retrieved from http://www.jubed.com/youth_ministry/view/Animal-Farm/?s=106 simplypsychology.(ND). Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/bowlby.html simplypsychology.(2009). Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html developmentalpsychology.(ND). Retrieved from http://psychology.about.com/od/developmentalpsychology/ss/early-childhood-development_2.htm littlechildren.(ND). Retrieved from http://littlechildren.wordpress.com/2007/11/29/cognitive-development-activities-for-3-to-5-year-olds/ irrpublic.(ND). Retrieved from http://lrrpublic.cli.det.nsw.edu.au/lrrSecure/Sites/LRRView/7401/documents/theories_outline.pdf simplypsychology.(2007). Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/vygotsky.html pbworks.(ND). Retrieved from http://as-psychology.pbworks.com/w/page/9174253/DeprivationPrivation currentnursing.(ND). Retrieved from http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/theory_of_psychosocial_development.html psychologytoday.(ND). Retrieved from http://therapists.psychologytoday.com/rms/state/VT/Wolcott.html personadolltraining.(ND). Retrieved from http://www.persona-doll-training.org/ukhome.html education.(ND). Retrieved from http://www.education.com/reference/article/arnold-gesell-child-learning-development-theory/ ehow.(ND). Retrieved from http://www.ehow.co.uk/info_8593772_criticisms-gesells-maturation-theory.html childdevelopmentchart.(2013). Retrieved from http://pgcegroup3.files.wordpress.com/2013/11/child-development-chart.pdf criminology.(ND). Retrieved from http://www.criminology.fsu.edu/crimtheory/bandura.htm

The Importance of Each Decision in Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken Es

The Importance of Each Decision in The Road Not Taken "Two roads diverged in a wood, and I -- / I took the one less traveled by, / And that has made all the difference." Robert Frost's "The Road Not Taken" is a lyrical poem about the decisions that one must make in life. When a man approaches a fork in the road on which he is traveling, he must choose which path to take. The choice that he makes, as with any choices made in life, affects him in a way that "has made all the difference . Thematically, the poem argues that no matter how small a decision is, that decision will affect a person's life forever. "The Road Not Taken" is told as a first-person narrative. The narrator is looking back on the decisions that have affected him. The decision that is illustrated in the poem occurred at a much earlier point in the narrator's life. It would be possible for a reader to be drawn into the poem to such a degree that the reader would become the narrator. Everyone has made decisions, and since it is the purpose of this poem to discuss and address those decisions, it would be easy to look beyond the narrator and see oneself. The word choice used in the poem very effectively portrays the speaker. The language used is very simple, almost as if the narrator is not speaking, but thinking, for the language of thoughts tends to be simple without using words that require a dictionary to define. The simple, almost quiet and seducing tone acts to draw the reader into the poem allowing the reader to become the narrator. Throughout the poem, Frost uses images that could be interpreted as either quite simple and very specific or incredibly involved and extremely general. For example, by interpreting images such as "Two roads... in a yello... ...ming lines do not necessarily contain the same number of syllables. This choice by Frost pulls the reader into the poem, but maintains the thought-like atmosphere as the narrator looks back unto his life at the decisions that he made and their results. In his perhaps best known poem, Frost recognizes something that everyone should realize. The simple picture of a man deciding which path to follow is suddenly changed into a description of life by the mastery of Frost's poetic hand. No matter how small a decision appears to be at the time that it is made, that decision will affect a person's life forever, or as Frost puts it, each and every choice will make "all the difference." Work Cited Frost, Robert. "The Road Not Taken." The North Introduction To Literature. 6th ed. Eds. Carl E.Bain, Jerome Beaty, and J. Paul Hunter. New York: W.W Norton, 1995. 1097.