INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL CASE STUDY Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Universal ORGANIZATIONAL - Case Study Example The way of life of Chinese requests them to accept tea rather than espresso and this end up being the primary social test for Nestle. Their way of life requests severe trust before directing organizations with outsiders (Allen, 2009). The trust is earned through following their way of life, requests and offering them blessings over and over. This end up being a significant test for the organization and particularly the appropriation of Chinese culture in its business. The blessing part was against their implicit rules and particularly in light of the fact that it was viewed as a type of debasement (Hanson and Rothlin, 2010). The code of morals and direct of the Nestle Company must be changed to embrace and suit the way of life of the Chinese individuals or the organization would need bolster and subsequently need to move base of activity to another nation. China was simply beginning to succeed and consequently Nestle needed to make a solid base and exceed its rivals. Culture of China requested that lion's share of the administration of the organization needed to include Chinese individuals. This along these lines implied a total change in managerial procedure as the administrators in certain positions must be evacuated and taken to head different branches in different countries. This procedure was exorbitant as well as set aside some effort to uphold consequently postponing the procedure of Nestle building up its market specialty in the nation. China’s social requests which should be upheld made a joke of the managerial procedures and systems of the organization (Sun, 2012). The social requests caused the organization to have ultimatums of completing changes and the managers were decreased to unimportant manikins. With the numerous social requests which were being driven by the administration offices, the company’s organization confronted authority challenges and inside clashes. The organization in the long run so as to consent to the regularly developing social requests needed to completely transform from their standard

Konseptong Papel free essay sample

Mendez, Cavite Phone No. : 046-8611405 Mobile No. : 0907-1120262 E-mail: ibx. [emailprotected] com Ref: CTG2013-02Date: 01/28/2013 To, Ms. Gina Villanueva Summer Breeze (Dencio’s Restaurant) Subject:Price Quotation for CCTV bundle and Installation Dear Sir/Madam Thank you for your enthusiasm for our administrations. Kindly survey the accompanying cost cry of CCTV Cameras, DVR, Server Monitor and materials Installment Terms and Conditions: Taka 60% of cited worth ought to be paid alongside work request and rest 40% ought to be paid at the date of employment fruition. Assurance: One (1) year on the completing works and workmanship from the date of culmination barring any harms or imperfections caused legitimately or in a roundabout way by illegitimate activity of the buyer, outsiders, of Act of God, which incorporate all serendipitous occasion. This assurance is invalid and void except if all records due are come up with all required funds. We want to serve you for the best of your advantage. Compassionately affirm your acknowledgment by marking on the space gave beneath Thank you, Yours faithfully,Conforme: __________________ ___________________ Date: ______________

VIOLENT PROGRAMS ON TELEVISION LEAD TO AGGRESSIVE Essay Example For Students

Savage PROGRAMS ON TELEVISION LEAD TO AGGRESSIVE Essay Conduct BY CHILDRENSince 1982, the National Institute of Mental Health, alongside other legitimate wellbeing associations has gathered information that interfaces media brutality, with rough acts.Conclusions reasoned from this information demonstrate that vicious projects on TV lead to forceful conduct by kids and young people who watch those projects. TV savagery influences youngsters all things considered, all financial levels, and all degrees of knowledge. Todays youngsters see huge measures of brutality on TV. A consistent eating routine of death, killings, torment, and other abnormal acts might be seen on any day by defenseless youth. At the point when youngsters are youthful, they are receptive to all their environmental factors, and particularly powerless against what they see. Logical research approves this reality. In concentrates by the National Institute of Mental Health, teachers have discovered that youngsters who watch brutality regularly showcase this viciousness. Guar dians today have a duty to guarantee their kids are directed when watching savage projects on the off chance that they are permitted to watch these projects by any stretch of the imagination. At the point when guardians are in the stay with youngsters, guardians should call attention to kids that TV isn't genuine. Youngsters will in general consider TV to be reality, and come up short on the development to separate the contrast among news and fiction programs on TV. Studies by George Gerbner, Ph.D., at the University of Pennsylvania, have indicated that childrens TV programs contain around twenty fierce acts every hour and that kids who watch a ton of TV are bound to imagine that the world is a mean and perilous spot. Society sees numerous deplorable instances of research discoveries on youth and TV brutality. One such model happened in Allentown, Pennsylvania in 1999. At that point, Justin Douglas was an adorable, shrewd five-year-old young man with cherishing guardians and a shelt ered; white collar class home. At some point, Justin watched his preferred animation legends; Beavis and Butt-head, on MTV perform one of their acclaimed fire related crime stunts. The animation program, made for a develop crowd, regularly contains foul language, drinking, remarks about setting flames, smoking, and depicts taking as adequate. Justin attempted a similar trick he had viewed. The genuine outcome was not an animation. His house was determined to fire and his more youthful sister lost her life when she was unable to be protected from the smoke. From the earliest starting point of the wide utilization of broad communications, from movies to radio to TV, and now with web media, scientists have attempted to clarify the connection among's media and brutality. This affiliation has been anything but difficult to help and is validated in each major logical report discharged over the most recent twenty years. It has become general information to proficient guides and teachers th at unreasonable and unaided presentation to TV brutality builds the utilization of savagery to determine strife, while it desensitizes these adolescent to demonstrations of viciousness. This presentation to viciousness in the media makes watchers less condemning of genuine brutality. Since the media regularly speaks to savagery as upbeat brutality without agony, enduring, and results, they are not giving the crowd a precise or sensible depiction of viciousness. Numerous examinations have likewise affirmed a total impact of presentation to brutality as specialists have followed designs from youth introduction to grown-up social conduct. The National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence was responsible for exploring these issues and making proposals to the President. The medias team report was titled, Violence and the Media. Ends drawn from this report show that genuine savagery was caused to a limited extent by the craving of activity bunches for media consideration; a nd that viciousness in the public eye could be diminished if the news enabled gatherings to improve their correspondence. A specific focal point of the investigation was the medias depiction of brutality and the publics individual encounters. TV is the essential wellspring of media for most American residents, and in this manner TV viciousness is the essential hotspot for review savagery in the two grown-ups and youngsters. This report gave proof of the medias capacity to mingle the watchers to the standards and estimations of the way of life. Beforehand the capacity of TV to do so had been questioned that the media was considered uniquely to be a re-master and not a maker. .u89341acc15ecb21dc3046182b42c49bd , .u89341acc15ecb21dc3046182b42c49bd .postImageUrl , .u89341acc15ecb21dc3046182b42c49bd .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u89341acc15ecb21dc3046182b42c49bd , .u89341acc15ecb21dc3046182b42c49bd:hover , .u89341acc15ecb21dc3046182b42c49bd:visited , .u89341acc15ecb21dc3046182b42c49bd:active { border:0!important; } .u89341acc15ecb21dc3046182b42c49bd .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u89341acc15ecb21dc3046182b42c49bd { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u89341acc15ecb21dc3046182b42c49bd:active , .u89341acc15ecb21dc3046182b42c49bd:hover { mistiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u89341acc15ecb21dc3046182b42c49bd .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .u89341acc15ecb21dc3046182b42c49bd .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .u89341acc15ecb21dc3046182b42c49bd .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u89341acc15ecb21dc3046182b42c49bd .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u89341acc15ecb21dc3046182b42c49bd:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u89341acc15e cb21dc3046182b42c49bd .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u89341acc15ecb21dc3046182b42c49bd-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u89341acc15ecb21dc3046182b42c49bd:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Racial Profiling Essay Research performed by Albert Bandura closed there were solid momentary impacts of introduction to brutality in the media that influences youngsters. In his investigations, youngsters watched models perform forceful acts against a doll. These demonstrations of animosity were introduced under three conditions: 1. the kids saw the model remunerated for forceful conduct, 2. the youngsters saw the model get no ramifications for their forceful conduct, and 3. the youngsters saw the model rebuffed. Every one of the three gatherings had the option to mimic the forceful conduct that repudiates early thoughts that the impacts of brutality were not negative if the viciousness was not celebrated. The Help or Hurt examination done by Robert Liebert and Robert Baron, further shows the momentary impacts of introduction to brutality. The exploration configuration utilized exploratory and control gatherings to decide the impact that the perception of brutality would have regarding the matters social conduct. The trial gathering, which was presented to the viciousness, was appeared to press the red catch, which was accepted to hurt another childs odds of getting a prize. All the more frequently and for a fundamentally longer period than the kids were demonstrated an energizing peaceful film. The end was that the presentation to brutality is identified with the acknowledgment of animosity. These examinations lead to a certain something, the way that brutality influences youngsters and grown-ups. Before the normal American youngster leaves grade school, specialists gauge that the individual in question will have seen in excess of 8,000 homicides on TV. This consistent eating regimen of nonexistent brutality makes America the world chief in genuine wrongdoing and viciousness. It is the ideal opportunity for guardians and the American open to pay heed to the logical proof that demonstrates the connection between's viciousness seen on TV and savagery carrying on in our general public. To overlook these investigations proceeds with the developing society of brutality in our nation. As Texan author Molly Ivans says, the main standard of an opening is, on the off chance that you are in one, quit burrowing.

Reproduction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Multiplication - Essay Example It has gonads otherwise called testicles, a chain of conduits that helps in transportation of spermatozoa, and embellishment organs (Palladino, n.d.). The procedure of spermatogenesis starts in the testicles. It comprises spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis (Jones and Lopez, 2006). In spermatogenesis, a diploid spermatogonium is changed into four haploid spermatids. The spermatogonia are found as juvenile germ cells discovered close to the dividers of each seminiferous tubules. Mitosis is engaged with the augmentation of these cells. Each one spermatogonium is 2n and comprises twofold number chromosomes (46) (Jones and Lopez, 2006). Mitosis is engaged with the increase of chromosomes, in which every one of the pair that emerges is moved into the descendants. Some spermatogonia start meiosis. In the division, the spermatogonium changes into essential spermatocyte. This at that point enters the principal meiotic division bringing about girl cells with 23 chromosomes (Jones and Lopez, 20 06). At this phase of decrease, the cells are currently haploid (n) rather than diploid (2n). The n cells at this stage are known as optional spermatocytes. In meiosis II cells produce four haploid cells known as the spermatids (Jones and Lopez, 2006). At this stage, the procedure is finished. The spermatids are later changed into sperm cells through a procedure known as spermiogenesis (Jones and Lopez, 2006). This is fit for treating an egg. The procedure of spermatogenesis additionally depends on hormonal guideline. The tubules are encircled by interstitial cells that help in the creation of testosterone and discharge it into the circulation system (Palladino, n.d.). The creation of testosterone is at its most noteworthy in young years. The expansion prompts the beginning of spermatogenesis just as the improvement of embellishment organs. Another hormone that assumes a huge job in the process is androgens. The hormone helps in male sexual being just as incitement of auxiliary sexual qualities (Palladino, n.d.). A complex

The Definition and Use of a Cross-Sectional Study

The Definition and Use of a Cross-Sectional Study Student Resources Print How Does the Cross-Sectional Research Method Work? Advantages and Challenges By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 16, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 10, 2019 More in Student Resources APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips Careers In This Article Table of Contents Expand Cross-Sectional Studies Defining Characteristics Advantages Challenges Comparisons View All Back To Top A cross-sectional study involves looking at data from a population at one specific point in time. Verywell / Jessica Olah How and When Cross-Sectional Studies Are Used The participants in this type of study are selected based on particular variables of interest. Cross-sectional studies are often used in developmental psychology, but this method is also utilized in many other areas including social science and education. For example, researchers studying developmental psychology might select groups of people who are different ages but investigate them at one point in time. By doing this, any differences between the age groups can presumably be attributed to age differences rather than something that happened over time. Cross-sectional studies are observational in nature and are known as descriptive research, not causal or relational, meaning that you cant use them to determine the cause of something, such as a disease. Researchers record the information that is present in a population, but they do not manipulate variables. This type of research can be used to describe characteristics that exist in a community, but not to determine cause-and-effect relationships between different variables. This method is often used to make inferences about possible relationships or to gather preliminary data to support further research and experimentation. The Defining Characteristics of Cross-Sectional Studies Some of the key characteristics of a cross-sectional study include:?? The study takes place at a single point in timeIt does not involve manipulating variablesIt allows researchers to look at numerous characteristics at once (age, income, gender, etc.)Its often used to look at the prevailing characteristics in a given populationIt can provide information about what is happening in a current population Think of a cross-sectional study as a snapshot of a particular group of people at a given point in time. Unlike longitudinal studies that look at a group of people over an extended period, cross-sectional studies are used to describe what is happening at the present moment. This type of research is frequently used to determine the  prevailing characteristics in a population at a certain point in time. For example, a cross-sectional study might be used to determine if exposure to specific risk factors might correlate with particular outcomes. A researcher might collect cross-sectional data on past smoking habits and current diagnoses of lung cancer, for example. While this type of study cannot demonstrate cause-and-effect, it can provide a quick look at correlations that may exist at a particular point. For example, researchers may find that people who reported engaging in certain health behaviors were also more likely to be diagnosed with specific ailments. While a cross-sectional study cannot prove for certain that these behaviors caused the condition, such studies can point to a relationship worth investigating further. Advantages Some of the advantages of cross-sectional studies include: Theyre inexpensive and fast.  Cross-sectional studies are usually relatively inexpensive and allow researchers to collect a great deal of information quite quickly. Data is often obtained using self-report surveys and researchers are then able to amass large amounts of information from a large pool of participants.They allow different variables.  Researchers can collect data on some different variables to see how differences in sex, age, educational status, and income might correlate with the critical variable of interest.They pave the way for further study.  While cross-sectional studies cannot be used to determine causal relationships, they can provide a useful springboard to further research. When looking at a public health issue, such as whether a particular behavior might be linked to a particular illness, researchers might utilize a cross-sectional study to look for clues that will serve as a useful tool to guide further experimental studies. For example, researchers might be i nterested in learning how exercise influences cognitive health as people age. They might collect data from different age groups on how much exercise they get and how well they perform on cognitive tests. Performing such a study can give researchers clues about the types of exercise that might be the most beneficial to cognitive health and inspire further experimental research on the subject. Challenges Some of the potential challenges of cross-sectional studies include: Does not differentiate cause and effect: There are other variables that can affect the relationship between the inferred cause and outcomes.Cohort differences:  Groups can be affected by cohort differences that arise from the particular experiences of a unique group of people. Individuals born during the same period may share important historical experiences, but people in that group who are born in a given geographic region may share experiences limited solely to their physical location. Individuals who were alive during the invasion of Pearl Harbor, Vietnam, or 9/11 might have shared experiences that make them different from other age groups, for example.Report biases: Surveys or questionnaires about certain aspects of peoples lives may not always result in accurate reporting. Cross-Sectional vs. Longitudinal Studies This type of research differs from longitudinal studies in that cross-sectional studies are designed to look at a variable at a particular point in time. Longitudinal studies involve taking multiple measures over an extended period. As you might imagine, longitudinal studies tend to require more resources and are often more expensive than cross-sectional resources. They are also more likely to be influenced by what is known as selective attrition, which means that some individuals are simply more likely to drop out of a study than others, which can influence the validity of the study. One of the advantages of cross-sectional studies is that since data is collected all at once, its less likely that participants will quit the study before data is fully collected. A Word From Verywell Cross-sectional studies can be a useful research tool in many areas of health research. By learning more about what is going on in a specific population, researchers are better able to understand relationships that might exist between certain variables and develop further studies that explore these conditions in greater depth.

Nightie-Night, Sleep Tight Essay - 275 Words

Nightie-Night, Sleep Tight (Essay Sample) Content: [studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s name][professorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s name][course][date]Nightie-Night, Sleep Tight, Donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬t Let The Bed Bugs Bite!It is official à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Type in the terms "bed bug" on Google and youà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ll get more than 35 million hits, with 7 of the top 10 results from top medical websites, government health organizations and universities. Thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s how you know that the problem has recurred, and this time with a vengeance. For example, in a recently conducted research, it was discovered that 64% of all employees in a building in the United States was found to have been suffering from bed bug bites ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Baumblatt", "given" : "Jane A. Gwira", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Dunn", "given" : "John R.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : fa lse, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Schaffner", "given" : "William", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Moncayo", "given" : "Abelardo C.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Jones", "given" : "Timothy F.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Journal of Environmental Health", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "8", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2014" ] ] }, "page" : "16-18", "title" : "An Outbreak of Bed Bug Infestation in an Office Building", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "76" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=09abc3ad-d537-4453-b468-765d46163be9" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Baumblatt et al.)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }( Baumblatt et al.). Meanwhile, at least one pest control company claims that the growth of their business is due to the resurgence of bed bugs ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Orkin LLC", "given" : "", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Market Watch", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2014", "1", "16" ] ] }, "title" : "Chicago Replaces Cincinnati as Orkin\u2019s Number One Bed Bug City", "type" : "article-newspaper" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=9994749f-7658-47d5-b25e-7c6b0e6c98e5" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Orkin LLC)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Orkin LLC). Perhaps the best proof of the resurgence of bed bugs is the 2012 joint statement released by the Environmental Protection Agen cy (EPA) and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) which said, "the United States is [now] one of many countries experiencing an alarming resurgence in the population of bed bugs" ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention", "given" : "", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2013" ] ] }, "title" : "Joint Statement on Bed Bug Control in the United States from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "type" : "report" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=7b2a068a-1ecc-445f-a237-fd670377234a" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/mast er/csl-citation.json" }(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). ÂSmall, flattened, wingless and rust colored ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Baumblatt", "given" : "Jane A. Gwira", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Dunn", "given" : "John R.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Schaffner", "given" : "William", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Moncayo", "given" : "Abelardo C.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Jones", "given" : "Timothy F.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Journal of Environmental Health", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "8", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2014" ] ] }, "page" : "16-18", "title" : "An Outbreak of Bed Bug Infestation in an Office Building", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "76" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=09abc3ad-d537-4453-b468-765d46163be9" ] }, { "id" : "ITEM-2", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Watkins", "given" : "J.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "British Journal Of School Nursing", "id" : "ITEM-2", "issue" : "10", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2011" ] ] }, "page" : "479-480", "title" : "Identifying parasitic infestations part 2: From scabies to bed bugs", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "6" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=05135b51-fb53-4343-acca-d0fe6cf7a9e2" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Baumblatt et al.; Watkins)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/maste r/csl-citation.json" }(Baumblatt et al.; Watkins), the Cimex lectularius tend to spend much of their time hiding in dark crevices such as the fold of mattresses, under the sofa cushion, at the back of a headboard, behind wallpapers, and many others ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "DOI" : "10.1111/j.1948-7134.2010.00033.x", "ISSN" : "1081-1710", "PMID" : "20618653", "abstract" : "A total of 54 bed bug-infested sites (hotels, public accommodations, and residential premises) in Malaysia and Singapore was surveyed between July, 2005 and December, 2008. Only one species of bed bug was found, the tropical bed bug Cimex hemipterus (Fabricius). Bed bug infestations were common in hotels and public accommodations when compared to residential premises. The three most common locations of infestation within an infested premise were the bedding (31.1%), the headboard (30.3%), and cracks and crevices surrounding the baseboard, wall, or floor (23.5%). We speculate that the route of movement of bed bugs in hotels and public accommodations is more direct than in residential premises.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "How", "given" : "Yee-Fatt", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Lee", "given" : "Chow-Yang", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Journal of vector ecology : journal of the Society for Vector Ecology", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2010", "6" ] ] }, "page" : "89-94", "title" : "Survey of bed bugs in infested premises in Malaysia and Singapore.", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "35" }, "locator" : "92", "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=efaf8662-78b1-41db-b2f9-b48e8f7582ee" ] }, { "id" : "ITEM-2", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention", "given" : "", "non-dropping-pa rticle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "id" : "ITEM-2", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2013" ] ] }, "title" : "Joint Statement on Bed Bug Control in the United States from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "type" : "report" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=7b2a068a-1ecc-445f-a237-fd670377234a" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(How and Lee 92; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(How and Lee 92; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). They frequent areas where there are humans because they are attracted to body heat and exhaled carbon dioxide ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Huntington", "given" : "M.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "The Journal Of Family Practice", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "7", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2012" ] ] }, "page" : "384-388", "title" : "When bed bugs bite", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "61" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=fd08bb82-6bc5-4971-ace3-3a977b4367ab" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Huntington)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Huntington). Most people think that bed bugs are found only in dirty surroundings, but research shows that hygiene does not matter à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ if a bed bug happens to ride in your luggage, you can expect to have bed bugs at home.The population of bed bugs dropped dramatically after World War II, thanks to synthetic, residual pesticides. In fact, bed bugs have become so uncommon it became very difficult to obtain species for medical study ADDIN CSL_CI TATION ... Nightie-Night, Sleep Tight Essay - 275 Words Nightie-Night, Sleep Tight (Essay Sample) Content: [studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s name][professorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s name][course][date]Nightie-Night, Sleep Tight, Donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬t Let The Bed Bugs Bite!It is official à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Type in the terms "bed bug" on Google and youà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ll get more than 35 million hits, with 7 of the top 10 results from top medical websites, government health organizations and universities. Thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s how you know that the problem has recurred, and this time with a vengeance. For example, in a recently conducted research, it was discovered that 64% of all employees in a building in the United States was found to have been suffering from bed bug bites ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Baumblatt", "given" : "Jane A. Gwira", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Dunn", "given" : "John R.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : fa lse, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Schaffner", "given" : "William", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Moncayo", "given" : "Abelardo C.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Jones", "given" : "Timothy F.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Journal of Environmental Health", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "8", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2014" ] ] }, "page" : "16-18", "title" : "An Outbreak of Bed Bug Infestation in an Office Building", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "76" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=09abc3ad-d537-4453-b468-765d46163be9" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Baumblatt et al.)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }( Baumblatt et al.). Meanwhile, at least one pest control company claims that the growth of their business is due to the resurgence of bed bugs ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Orkin LLC", "given" : "", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Market Watch", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2014", "1", "16" ] ] }, "title" : "Chicago Replaces Cincinnati as Orkin\u2019s Number One Bed Bug City", "type" : "article-newspaper" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=9994749f-7658-47d5-b25e-7c6b0e6c98e5" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Orkin LLC)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Orkin LLC). Perhaps the best proof of the resurgence of bed bugs is the 2012 joint statement released by the Environmental Protection Agen cy (EPA) and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) which said, "the United States is [now] one of many countries experiencing an alarming resurgence in the population of bed bugs" ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention", "given" : "", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2013" ] ] }, "title" : "Joint Statement on Bed Bug Control in the United States from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "type" : "report" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=7b2a068a-1ecc-445f-a237-fd670377234a" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/mast er/csl-citation.json" }(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). ÂSmall, flattened, wingless and rust colored ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Baumblatt", "given" : "Jane A. Gwira", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Dunn", "given" : "John R.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Schaffner", "given" : "William", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Moncayo", "given" : "Abelardo C.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Jones", "given" : "Timothy F.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Journal of Environmental Health", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "8", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2014" ] ] }, "page" : "16-18", "title" : "An Outbreak of Bed Bug Infestation in an Office Building", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "76" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=09abc3ad-d537-4453-b468-765d46163be9" ] }, { "id" : "ITEM-2", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Watkins", "given" : "J.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "British Journal Of School Nursing", "id" : "ITEM-2", "issue" : "10", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2011" ] ] }, "page" : "479-480", "title" : "Identifying parasitic infestations part 2: From scabies to bed bugs", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "6" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=05135b51-fb53-4343-acca-d0fe6cf7a9e2" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Baumblatt et al.; Watkins)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/maste r/csl-citation.json" }(Baumblatt et al.; Watkins), the Cimex lectularius tend to spend much of their time hiding in dark crevices such as the fold of mattresses, under the sofa cushion, at the back of a headboard, behind wallpapers, and many others ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "DOI" : "10.1111/j.1948-7134.2010.00033.x", "ISSN" : "1081-1710", "PMID" : "20618653", "abstract" : "A total of 54 bed bug-infested sites (hotels, public accommodations, and residential premises) in Malaysia and Singapore was surveyed between July, 2005 and December, 2008. Only one species of bed bug was found, the tropical bed bug Cimex hemipterus (Fabricius). Bed bug infestations were common in hotels and public accommodations when compared to residential premises. The three most common locations of infestation within an infested premise were the bedding (31.1%), the headboard (30.3%), and cracks and crevices surrounding the baseboard, wall, or floor (23.5%). We speculate that the route of movement of bed bugs in hotels and public accommodations is more direct than in residential premises.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "How", "given" : "Yee-Fatt", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Lee", "given" : "Chow-Yang", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Journal of vector ecology : journal of the Society for Vector Ecology", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2010", "6" ] ] }, "page" : "89-94", "title" : "Survey of bed bugs in infested premises in Malaysia and Singapore.", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "35" }, "locator" : "92", "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=efaf8662-78b1-41db-b2f9-b48e8f7582ee" ] }, { "id" : "ITEM-2", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention", "given" : "", "non-dropping-pa rticle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "id" : "ITEM-2", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2013" ] ] }, "title" : "Joint Statement on Bed Bug Control in the United States from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "type" : "report" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=7b2a068a-1ecc-445f-a237-fd670377234a" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(How and Lee 92; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(How and Lee 92; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). They frequent areas where there are humans because they are attracted to body heat and exhaled carbon dioxide ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Huntington", "given" : "M.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "The Journal Of Family Practice", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "7", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2012" ] ] }, "page" : "384-388", "title" : "When bed bugs bite", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "61" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=fd08bb82-6bc5-4971-ace3-3a977b4367ab" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Huntington)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Huntington). Most people think that bed bugs are found only in dirty surroundings, but research shows that hygiene does not matter à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ if a bed bug happens to ride in your luggage, you can expect to have bed bugs at home.The population of bed bugs dropped dramatically after World War II, thanks to synthetic, residual pesticides. In fact, bed bugs have become so uncommon it became very difficult to obtain species for medical study ADDIN CSL_CI TATION ...

Helping Student Use Textual Source Persuasively By...

Helping Student Use Textual Source Persuasively by Maragret Kantz, is a research about the mistakes most of us students make when researching for a paper. We need a theory-based explanation,one grounded in the findings of the published research on the nature and reasons for our students problems with writing persuasive researched papers. To understand how to teach students to write such papers, we also need a better understanding of the demands of synthesis tasks. Like most students like to state the facts given to us by published articles and not finding out the true facts of the research. In her research she introduced Shirley. A highly educated sophomore. She comes from an educated family with great reading and writing skills. Shirley wrote a research paper on the Battle of Agincourt. While she did her research and only wrote about the so called fact/truth, she did not receive the academic grade she thought she would since her facts were there. She then presented her concern with her friend Alice. While Shirley defended her sources Alice states You re dealing with facts, so there aren t too many choices. If you want to say something original you either have to talk about the sources or talk about the material... This would keep Shirley narrative structure of her research paper but also give her an argument and purpose. There are three causes Kantz states 1) Many students like Shirley misunderstand sources because they read them as stories. 2) Many students

What Is the Name of the Covalent Compound CCl4

What is the name of the covalent compound CCl4? Its carbon tetrachloride. Carbon tetrachloride is an important nonpolar covalent compound. You determine its name based on the atoms present in the compound. By convention, the positively-charged (cation) part of the molecule is named first, followed by the negatively-charged (anion) part. The first atom is C, which is the element symbol for carbon. The second part of the molecule is Cl, which is the element symbol for chlorine. When chlorine is an anion, it is called chloride. There are 4 chloride atoms, so the name for 4, tetra, is used. This makes the molecules name carbon tetrachloride. Carbon Tetrachloride Facts CCl4 goes by many names besides carbon tetrachloride, including tetrachloromethane (IUPAC name), carbon tet, Halon-104, benziform, Freon-10, methane tetrachloride, Tetrasol, and perchloromethane. It is an organic compound that is a colorless liquid with a distinctive sweet odor, resembling that of ether or tetrachloroethylene used by dry cleaners. Its used primarily as a refrigerant and as a solvent. As a solvent, it is used to dissolve iodine, fats, oils, and other nonpolar compounds. The compound has also been used as a pesticide and fire extinguisher. Although carbon tetrachloride used to be widely available and used, it has been replaced by safer alternatives. CCl4 is known to cause liver failure. It also damages the nervous system and kidneys and may cause cancer. Primary exposure is via inhalation. Carbon tetrachloride is a greenhouse gas known to cause ozone depletion. In the atmosphere, the compound has an estimated lifetime of 85 years.

Comparing Women in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte...

Comparing Women in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Gilman and The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck Talents and dreams, hopes and desires, shunned by the husbands and times of the women in The Chrysanthemums and The Yellow Wallpaper. The wife, Elisa, in the Chrysanthemums, reflects an internal struggle to find her place in a world of definite gender roles. The Yellow Wallpaper traces the treatment of a woman who descends from depression to madness in the male-imposed psychiatric confinement of her room. The mirror-like situations that hinder the protagonists in both stories call the women to conduct themselves in demeanors drastically different from one another. Elisa Allen of the Chrysanthemums and the narrator of the Yellow†¦show more content†¦Nevertheless, this ?cure? makes her weak; it transforms her into a woman gone mad. She gives into the figments of her imagination and begins to metamorphose this ?thing? she imagines behind the wallpaper as a hallucinogenic image of herself. This ?woman? becomes a deadly combination: best friend and worst enemy. She views the woman as trapped, and, in order to free herself from this non-fulfilling life, she must free the woman. Elisa also receives an uninvited guest, a tinker who she perceives as the perfect emblem of freedom. His life is on the road, in the wild-outside the fence. She, like the narrator, feels a need, a desire, to help this outsider in order to liberate ones self. Vivid pictures and visions of a life with no barriers, boundaries, or limitations, run free in the minds of both Elisa Allen and the narrator in ?The Yellow Wallpaper.? These women begin to view objects as both symbols of entrapment and of license. Within the confinements of her ?prison?, this once busy and bothersome pattern of the yellow wallpaper begins to straighten out. It becomes almost bar-like, and with the walls and the windows this ?soothing? room turns into a reformatory from which she must abscond. Elisa must also break free, decomp from the boundary, the fence, that is enclosing her in the stationary, non-progressive life. She sees hope, a way to expand, through her joy, her love, her talent crysanthemums. By sharing her love with others, she is actually leaving, goingShow MoreRelated Discussing the Chrysanthemums Essay1223 Words   |  5 PagesDiscussing the Chrysanthemums In studying the various schools of criticism and using them to decipher the inner workings of novels, short stories, and poems, it becomes apparent that they all share a common factor: a theme. The theme of a story is the general idea or insight, which is revealed by the entire story (Kennedy, 195). Although there are many themes that seem to be similar, it is difficult, perhaps impossible, to find to stories with identical themes. Two stories with similar themes

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Ambush Marketing- Is It Ethical Free Essays

Ambush Marketing- Is It ethical? While a lot of discussion has been going on for quite some time on â€Å"Marketing ethics† including almost every aspect of marketing be it market research, market audience, pricing or marketing strategy. But none of these issues seem to be even close to the issues raised by the ethics of advertising and promotion and specifically â€Å"ambush marketing† in particular. Hence in this article we will take a quick look at the ever-increasing practice of ambush marketing, its origin, examples and its ethical concerns. We will write a custom essay sample on Ambush Marketing- Is It Ethical or any similar topic only for you Order Now Background: The term â€Å"ambush† in literal terms means â€Å"an attack from a hidden position†, this in fact, is the founding stone of the term â€Å"ambush marketing†. â€Å"Ambush Marketing† was coined in the 1980’s by Jerry Welsh, the renowned marketing strategist, while he was working as a manager for global marketing efforts for American Express. When he coined the term, he referred it as a creative and legitimate marketing strategy which could provide a level playing ground to the competitors of a thematic sponsor. Today, however, the term is associated with a negative connotation. According to Wikipedia â€Å"ambush marketing refers to a company’s attempt to capitalize on the goodwill, reputation, and popularity of a particular event by creating an association with it, without the authorization or consent of the necessary parties. † It is an attempt of the ambusher to associate itself with an event without paying the fee and get some rub-off effects from it. When implemented effectively, it diminishes the value of the actual sponsors of the event by confusing the customers Fig:Typical example of ambush marketing Fig1. :Jet airlines putting a billboard â€Å"we’ve changed† Fig1. 2:Kingfisher took the responsibility of making them change Fig1. 3:Go Air cashed in on the success of the two billboards There is a thin line between Ambush marketing and effective marketing practice. All the marketing strategies adopted by a rival company in the midst of an event cannot be called as ambush marketing. An activity is termed as ambushing only i f the marketer is trying to endorse a specific product/event and by doing that the revenues of the main event are getting damaged. For example f spice jet shows its commercials in between a motor sports event, it will not be guilty of ambushing. But if Pepsi is launching a new ad campaign in between cricket world cup whose official sponsor is coke and it affects the sales of coke, it will be termed as an instance of ambushing. Fig:Pepsi ad during 1996 WC Strategies for ambush marketing can be broadly classified into two groups: Forging: In this form, a company misleads the people that the ambusher is one of the sponsors of the event by using a similar name or logo associated with the event while it is not. For example, in 2002 Sydney Olympics, Quantas airlines changed its slogan to â€Å"The spirit of Australia† which was very close to the games slogan â€Å"Share the Spirit†. This was a classic case of ambush marketing as the official airline partner of the event was Ansett Air but the slogan of Quantas airlines suggested otherwise. Fig:Quantas airlines Intrusion: Here the ambusher tries to give its own name or trade mark through the medium of publicity of the event without seeking the permission of the organiser. This strategy uses the attention created by the event to promote the ambusher’s product. This strategy is more popular with the ambushers now-a-days as forging can lead to legal actions and this is comparatively a risk-free strategy. A notable example of this strategy was in 2002 Boston Marathon, whose official sponsor was Adidas but Nike provided the runners with spray painted â€Å"swooshes† which suggested that the event was sponsored by Nike. Fig:2002 Boston Marathon In 2006 Bavaria Brewery gave away orange overalls called Leeuwenhosen to some of the fans to support the Netherlands football team with the brewery’s logo on them. The FIFA officials asked the fans to remove the orange overalls as Budweiser was the official sponsor. Fig: Supporters wearing Leeuwenhosen By this time you all must have guessed the issues with ambushing, but then too let us reiterate some of the important ones. The first and the biggest of them is that it reduces the effectiveness of the advertisements of the original sponsors of the event and decreases their revenues. It can also lead to withdrawal of some of the sponsors from the event such as IBM and Mars from the Olympic TOP programme. The sponsorships for these events are costly and by ambushing, these companies are deprived of their right to increase their visibility and thereby their customer base. Remedies for Ambushing: Ambushing has been gaining popularity ever since it came into existence which is causing a lot of concerns for the official sponsors of the event. Hence for better protection of the interests of the company certain strategies have evolved which could help the victim company to counter ambushing. The major ones are Learn How to Ambush: This measure is based on the premise that if the knows how to ambush then it will also know the vulnerable points on which it could be ambushed and then it can try to plug those gaps through stringent contracts. Leveraging: These are supplementary measures such as ads aimed at increasing public awareness about the official sponsors of the event. Limit a non-sponsors capacity to advertise: By limiting the non-sponsors ability to advertise in the proximity of the event reduces the probability of ambushing through physical stalls, outlets etc. This strategy is also known as â€Å"clean stadium† policy. Establish more control over advertising: This is one of the most important and one of the most difficult measures to exercise. Since reach of media to the viewers of an event is much more than the people actually coming and watching those events, it is very important for firms to try and limit the advertisements by non-sponsors. Educate Consumers: One of the most safest and effective measure is making the customers known about the official sponsors so that the ambushers cannot mislead the public. Legal Restrictions: Stringent legal measures can act as deterrents to the practice of unethical ambushing. Is it ethical? Ambush marketing has changed its shape and form from 1980’s till today. But what is constant is the debate on whether it is ethical or not. The answer is very subjective. If you are asking this question to the sponsor of the event he might say that it is synonymous with crime and to an ambusher it might seem to be an intelligent marketing strategy. The viewpoints become completely reversed if the ambusher is made the sponsor and vice-versa. My opinion about ambushing is same as the ambushers. Marketing as a field of study has always been associated with creativity and ambushing gives them a perfect platform for the same. In today’s world, where there is cut throat competition between corporates due to increasing competition and reducing margins, companies have to come up with such kind of measures to counter other. During the times of recession, when all the major economies of the world go to a standstill, it serves as a cost effective method of advertising. For me it is not breaking the law or doing illegal, it is an intelligent use of the loopholes in the marketing practices of the other firm. If my rival is not aware of its shortcomings, I should use it to my advantage. Also, competition is not a game with set rules; if I am refraining from using ambush marketing today does not mean that my rival facing the same condition would not use ambush against me. In my viewpoint, it is one of the best methods of marketing involving minimum capital and maximum gains. What you think of ambushing is up to you to decide. How to cite Ambush Marketing- Is It Ethical, Papers

Job Role Studied Structural Engineer

Questions: 1. a) What is the main purpose of this job? b) Identify (eg everyday activities/responsibilities) that you have to do for this job and give an example for each. 2. Identify 5 Transferable Skills (eg communication, teamwork see Description of Skills document for other examples) used in this job and give an example of how each skill is demonstrated, Do Not include tasks, job specific skills, or personal attributes (eg patience, empathy, honesty, trustworthy) in this section. 3. What are the entry requirements for this job? (eg degree level/disciplines, other qualifications, alternative routes etc) 4. Where would you find these jobs advertised? (Please identify 3 vacancy sources, be specific eg website links, name of journals, newspaper name). Answers: 1. a. Main purpose of this job: Structural engineering is one of the most important branches of civil engineering which deals with heavy structures like tall buildings, bridges etc. Structural engineers play the main role in the large-scale construction projects. Mainly these structural engineers have to take the responsibility towards the safety, durability and economic condition of the important projects. b. 5 tasks of structural engineers: Design The primary duty of the structural engineers is to design some important structures which need more safety. These engineers mainly design the structures including all types of loads, stresses, and other important safety factors to make the construction easy for the site engineers. Structural engineers add the potential ingredient of design and durability in the design of various construction structures like that of high risers or bridges that need to be withstand a lot of various forces. The engineers have the ability about incorporating the technology to properly support beams, columns and foundations. Investigation Before commencement of work, the structural engineers investigate, verify and perform a survey in the project site to calculate the quality of the soil for the demand of the future projects. Communication Structural engineers possess good communication and project management skills for the development of a project. Generally structural engineers need to communicate with other members of the project team like environmental scientists, architects, soil engineers, site engineers. Sometimes they need to help the government for their self-inspection which relates to their projects. Management Sometimes structural engineers need to manage the project site environment. Mainly structural engineers need to take the responsibility of delivery of construction materials and other tools to maintain the progress of the project. Sometimes structural engineers also supervise and manage the labour problems in the project site. Training Safety is one of the most important factors in the modern project site. For this, the structural engineers must be trained and should be provided with adequate knowledge regarding safety for their work. Generally, an undergraduate degree in civil engineering or any other equivalent degree is necessary before making career in structural engineering. 2. 5 Transferable skills: Creativity Creativity of structural engineers is an inborn talent. Every structural engineer needs to be creative to perform in designing their projects. Creative skill for structural engineers is as important as their designing methods. Commercial awareness Structural engineers need to perform their duties in the various sectors like public sectors or government organization. So, it is important for the structural engineers to find their best suitable place of working for their own needs. Team working Team work is essential in every sector of work in civil engineering. Structural engineers need to take part in the team work with other structural engineers and also the other important personnel of the project in order to execute it efficiently. This team work helps the structural engineers to produce an efficient design for the project. Mathematical skills Mathematical skills are essential for every project; so in the case of structural engineering, it is not something exceptional. Structural engineers need to design their project plans with the help of latest design method like matrix analysis, and other modern structural engineering software which requires good mathematical knowledge for operating. IT skills In this modern period, it is essential to have the knowledge of IT. In the field of structural engineering, it is important to have IT skills to generate extra advantage and do the job within the time allotted. Nowadays the complex designs are solved with the help of latest design software like Staad Pro. , Revit, E-Tabs and the drawing is done through Computer- aided design (CAD). 3. Entry requirements for Structural Engineering Generally, a graduate civil engineer is eligible for choosing his or her career as structural engineer. A degree in other engineering discipline can be deemed able to make his career as structural engineering, but this will be a tougher task than a civil engineer. 4. Advertisement for Structural Engineering jobs. A. Indeed - https://www.indeed.co.uk/Structural-Engineer-jobs B. London jobs - https://www.londonjobs.co.uk/jobs/construction/civilstructuralengineering C. The Structural Engineer Jobs - https://jobs.thestructuralengineer.org/ 5. List of resources References Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.prospects.ac.uk/structural_engineer_job_description.htm [Accessed 1 Feb. 2016]. Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://targetjobs.co.uk/careers-advice/job-descriptions/279117-structural-engineer-job-description [Accessed 1 Feb. 2016]. Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.ncejobs.co.uk/article/structural-engineers-roles-and-responsibilities [Accessed 1 Feb. 2016]. Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.randstad.ca/job-seeker/areas-of-expertise/engineering/structural-engineering-jobs [Accessed 1 Feb. 2016]. Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.prospects.ac.uk/structural_engineer_entry_requirements.htm [Accessed 1 Feb. 2016]. Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.indeed.co.uk/Structural-Engineer-jobs [Accessed 1 Feb. 2016]. Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.londonjobs.co.uk/jobs/construction/civilstructuralengineering [Accessed 1 Feb. 2016]. Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://jobs.thestructuralengineer.org [Accessed 1 Feb. 2016].

Pragmatics in Comedy free essay sample

Pragmatics in Comedy I. Introduction. Aim. The aim of this paper is to see how characters in various shows flout, violate and infringe Grice’s four maxims in order to create humour. The shows I will be using are Little Britain, Bottom and Blackadder. Terminology. Herbert Paul Grice is considered one of the founders of the modern study of pragmatics, which deals with expressed meaning and implied meaning, in other words what is said and what is meant. Grice claimed that there are two kinds of implicature, in other words the part of an utterance that is meant but not strictly said out loud: conventional implicature and conversational implicature (Thomas 1995:57). Since this paper treats comedy it will mainly focus on conversational implicature. Grice’s four maxims are, if not rules, but way of means to allow us to say things indirectly in order to avoid discomfort when saying uncomfortable things or to imply something without having to actually take a direct stand or viewpoint. We will write a custom essay sample on Pragmatics in Comedy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By strictly following the maxims, the conversation in question is pretty straight forward and it is not hard to find the implicature. On the other hand, when one flouts one is more indirect and therefore generates an implicature. Grice’s four maxims are: Quantity: Information. Not too much, nor too little. Quality: Truth. Do not lie. Relation: Relevance. Stick to the topic. Manner: Clarity. Be brief and orderly and avoid obscure expressions. Here the Cooperative Principle, which was also introduced by Grice, very important. The Cooperative Principle means that we assume that the person we are talking to speaks in good faith and has no intention of lying. So, when someone says something we know is untrue, as for example in Thomas’s example of the ambulance driver getting vomited on and exclaiming: â€Å"Great, that’s really great! That’s really made my Christmas! † (Thomas 1995:55) We know that hardly anyone enjoys getting vomit all over them so we search for an implicature, what the ambulance man really meant, in this case that Christmas was more or less ruined. This would be a failure to observe the maxim of quality since it was intentional; we do know, or at least hope that the ambulance man did not enjoy the situation. Grice was most interested in situations where the speaker deliberately fails to observe a maxim, not with the intention of deceiving or lying but rather to make the listener look for a meaning that is different from the expressed meaning. This is tied in with the conversational implicature and the process is called â€Å"flouting a maxim† (Thomas 1995:65). Another example of flouting the maxim relation would be as following: A: Do you know what time it is? B: The bananas are looking fresh today. A very blunt example but clearly show how the maxim of relation (and also manner by bluntly ignoring the question) is flouted since the listener does not give an answer that is at all relevant to the question. The implicature here could be â€Å"I have no idea, let’s talk about something else† or perhaps that the listener is ashamed of not owning a watch. Grice also speaks of â€Å"violating a maxim† (Thomas 1995:72), which is the intentional failure to observe a maxim in order to mislead someone. Jenny Thomas gives the best example with the cheating wife who assures her husband that she is not seeing another man, while in fact she is seeing another woman (Thomas 1995:73). When violating a maxim, the utterance often contains a truth in order to mislead the hearer from the truth. And lastly Grice speaks about infringing a maxim (Thomas 1995:74), which stems from the speaker’s unintentional failure to observe a maxim, thus generating undesired implicatures. This is most common when the speaker is a learner of a foreign language or is suffering from a cognitive impairment of some sort. II. Method. I have chosen various TV shows and a movie and analysed some of the funny parts of the dialogue from a pragmatic point of view. In order to do this I have used Thomas Jenny’s book Meaning in Interaction- an Introduction to Pragmatics (1995). III. Analysis Firstly I will be looking at flouting of the maxims. Bottom was a British show about the daily lives of two very disturbed people, the sexually frustrated and really awkward Richard Richard and the alcoholic and violent Edward Elisabeth Hitler. While this show relied more on slapstick and cartoonish violence similar to Tom Jerry, it also relied heavily on conversations between the two flatmates. In this scene, Richard and Eddie are visiting the local pornography store, probably for the very first time and Eddie goes up to the shop assistant. Eddie: This is a sex shop isnt it? Shop Assistant: Yes. Eddie: [slaps money down] Ill have five quids worth then! Shop Assistant: Very droll sir, Ive never heard that one before. Eddie: Havent you? Shall I tell it again? Shop Assistant: No thank you sir, Id rather have a pineapple inserted violently into my rectum. Eddie: Youve been working here too long mate. This scene starts with Eddie asking a very obvious question, implicating that his is his very first time in a sex shop. When the male shop assistant confirms this, rather tiredly, Eddie wants sex for five pounds. The flouting of a maxim lies in the shop assistants answer â€Å"Very droll sir, I’ve never heard that one before. † This of course indicates that he has indeed heard it more times that you can count, which is the implied meaning; at the same time he needs to keep a polite air about him since after all Eddie is a customer. This is flouting the maxim of quality- we all know he has heard that joke a million times before. But Eddie, probably due to years of drinking and most likely his being drunk in this scene, completely misses the implicature. Thus the shop assistant’s functions as an infringement which leads Eddie into assuming that the shop assistant actually enjoyed the joke and wants him to repeat it. In answer to that, the shop assistant here informs Eddie about the violent pineapple option. Again, Eddie misses the true point and assumes that the shop assistant is of the perverted variety since he is, after all, working in a porn shop. The pineapple phrase flouts the maxims of relation and quantity. The shop assistant also flouts maxim of quality by giving a longer answer than yes or no, while he also flouts the quantity maxim by giving Eddie a little bit too much information on what he would rather do, which was unfortunate in that setting since it is easy to believe, what with stereotyping and all, that he would actually enjoy sticking a pineapple in himself. If the shop assistant would have wanted to observe the maxims he would have answered â€Å"Yes I’ve heard that before† and then just simply â€Å"No† to the other question and thus preventing Eddie from assuming weird things.

Dartmouth Supplement Essay Samples

Dartmouth Supplement Essay SamplesThe most popular site of Dartmouth College's website has a quiz and a supplement essay samples with discussion on top of it. One can test their knowledge with the help of these guides.In this dissertation guides, students can answer a quiz. To help students to know their performance, there are both short and long answers to the questions. Students have an option to use or not use the supplementary essays to improve their performance.Moreover, they have a sample essay to learn about the topic. The different chapters are used to highlight different points. These supplemental essays can be useful to learn and clarify points from Dartmouth's dissertation guide.Supplementary essays also bring out the ideas that cannot be found in a dissertation. Such essays help students get clear answers to different types of essays. Here, you will find the directions and basic elements of a dissertation so that you can make it appealing to the reading public.Supplement is a synonym for a supplement. It can be taken from any resource you want.Supplement may also be taken from Harvard University. In this college's review essay sample, students get a short essay on a particular topic. They have an option to take and add essays or respond to the question. They also have an option to revise a work-in-progress at any time.The Supplement is a component that students should know well. As the name implies, it is a supplement that is added to the dissertation. There are also many other supplement sites available that offer different supplements as well. A student can go through those sites to know about different types of supplements and to know about certain programs and guidelines of those sites.

Leader Philosophy

Leader Philosophy Introduction Ray (2006) observes that each organization in the current operational environment requires leaders who are holistic. This is because organizations not only operate with constrained resources, but also within an increasingly competitive and challenging environment. A substantial number of managerial theorists and experts argue that organizational leadership is crucial for success in organizations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leader Philosophy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Effective organizational leadership is often drawn from the personalities and behaviours of organizational leaders. This means that organizational leaders are the determinants of the orientation of leadership in any given organization. Therefore, the value of leadership in an organization and the successful attainment of organizational goals through organizational activities are often facilitated by organizational leaders. In orde r to effectively facilitate organizational functions, organizational leaders ought to possess or rather adhere to a number of leadership principles. A combination of key leadership principles is a vital source of leadership philosophy. Leadership principles are a combination of character traits, resounding personalities and even behaviours that help organizational leaders to propel their organizations toward greater heights. There are numerous examples of leaders in the corporate world, who have utilized leadership principles and helped organizations to gain stronger corporate positions (Ray 2006). In this paper, it is argued that leadership principles are the main pillars upon which effective organizational leadership is built. This paper explores five key principles of leadership that can be utilized by an organization to build a leadership philosophy. The paper justifies the leadership principles by borrowing from behavioural theories, as well as founded examples of corporate lea ders who have utilized the principles to build legacies in corporate leadership. Linking leadership to leadership principles Before exploring leadership principles, it is vital to understand leadership from the perspective of an organization. Leadership is a combination of methods of management, which guides a given organization by offering it a given direction. This implies that leadership is not an event, but an activity. It entails the continuous combination of methods of overseeing the operations of an organization. In this case, methods refer to the series of practices that can be equated to the principles of leadership. Therefore, organizational leaders must be proactive in overseeing the processes and functions of the organization through the application of diverse principles of leadership. According to the behavioural theories of leadership, organizational leadership entails the management of people with diverse personalities.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, the application of a single principle can hardly result in the successful implementation of organizational objectives. Leadership, especially when it applies to an organization, entails the management of people, processes and assets. Therefore, leaders ought to possess a combination of different principles of leadership, which helps them to capture the critical attributes of leadership in the organization. Of greater significance is the ability of the leader to combine the diverse principles of leadership. Organizational leaders must be vigilant enough and know the most appropriate time to focus on a given principle of leadership. This is because organizations undergo various cycles, thus a given cycle in the performance of an organization may require a deeper application of a certain principle of leadership (Ray 2006). The principles of leadership are often attained th rough the leadership behaviours or traits of a leader. Leadership traits are vital for the development of leadership principles and effective leadership. This is the reason why some organizations prosper, while others do not perform remarkably. When they are effectively developed, leadership principles act as a basis on which organizational leaders implement the functions of the organization. In other words, leadership principles encourage best practice in the utilization of organizational resources to discharge organizational functions. When this is done, the leadership of an organization comes out as the main benchmark tool for organizational performance. This is how the leadership philosophy is derived from organizational leadership. The ability of a leader to set and enforce a given practice in the organization depends upon the principle of leadership that is set and used by the leader. Therefore, it can be said that the quality of leadership in an organization is a summation of the various principles of leadership that are embraced by the leadership of the organization. Therefore, leadership principles are the key determinants of the nature and quality of leadership in most organizations (Ray 2006). Leadership principles Leadership is a quality of management that is developed by organizational leaders. Organizational leaders develop their leadership competency by applying certain principles of leadership in their organizations. There is a wide range of leadership theories that have been theorized and discussed by a large number of leadership theorists.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leader Philosophy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Self-awareness According to Greg and Roni (2012), one of the most critical principles of leadership is self-awareness. Leaders must create conditions upon which organizational success is founded. One of the means through which such conditions are created is t he development of self-confidence by the leader. Self confidence is a behavioural trait of leadership that has been widely adopted by leaders in the seemingly challenging organizational environment. Self-awareness implies that a leader should be fully aware of his or her personality and use the personality to drive the organization to success. It can be likened to the ability of leaders to take risks while making investments. Confidence is one of the key features self-awareness. Confidence aids a leader to understand the essence of convincing organizational leaders to take risks of investing in certain courses. Organizational leaders are critical assets in as far as the formulation of critical organizational decisions is concerned (Greg Roni 2012). This is what can enable them instil belief in organizational members and other stakeholders of the organization that they are leading. It is argued that confidence plays a great role in the success of the leader. However, this only comes true when the leader himself understands the essence of confidence in their success, as well as the success of other members in the organization. Confidence helps a leader to look at challenges from a positive inclination. A leader ought to pay full attention to all the people, processes and situations in the organization in which he or she is leading. Confidence in the leader becomes stronger when the leader pays attention to all people, processes and situations within the organization (Greg Roni 2012). When the leader successfully handles several situations in the organization, the confidence of the leader grows (Tamkin et al. 2010). The quality of self-awareness grows from the organizational leader to the organizational teams throughout the organization. A substantial number of outstanding organizational leaders are often reported to spend most of their time with organizational teams. By virtue of spending time with organizational teams, talking to them, organizational leaders help instil courage and confidence in the organizational members. This inspires organizational members to increase their input when discharging their roles and duties in the organization. Richard Branson, who is one of the most renowned leaders in the corporate world, is reported to spend most of the time talking to and sharing experiences with organizational teams. Being a master of communication, Branson keeps informing the employees of the tasks they are supposed to discharge.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Branson has perfected this principle of leadership is such a way that his physical presence instils determination among the employees of the Virgin Group. This quality even goes beyond the employees of the company. Branson exudes the confidence of the organization among the media and the wider corporate world. Through the practice of the quality of the principle of self-awareness, Branson has come out as one of the most confident leaders. He has managed to attract the attention of the media and the customers, thereby enhancing corporate growth and expansion of the Virgin Group of Companies (Leadership Resource Group 2012). Visionary evangelism The second principle of organizational leadership is visionary evangelism. Organizational success lies in the ability of the organization to develop a vision and mould organizational activities towards the fulfilment of the organization’s vision. The vision of the organization is the foundation for success in the organization. According to James and Lahti (2011), organizational vision often depicts the idealized future state of that organization. The vision of an organization has a long impact on the long-term existence and performance of an organization than organizational strategies. Organizational strategies are founded on the vision of the organizations. This justifies the need for organizations to develop visions. More often than not, the vision of an organization is formulated by the leadership of that organization. To this effect, therefore, it is the responsibility of organizational leaders to communicate the vision of the organization both internally and externally. For any leader to be successful, he must be in a position to see beyond the normal or prevailing operations of the organization. This implies that the leader must be able to see the organization from the past, present and future. From this argument, it can be said that one of the most daunting tasks of organizational leadership is leading the organization into the future. This can only be attained when the leader of an organization crafts a sound vision for the organization. Therefore, visionary evangelism begins with the development of the vision (Lahti 2011). Zaccaro and Banks (2001) observed that a substantial number of organizations in the contemporary corporate world have been revising and readjusting their visions so as to capture the prevailing , as well as the probable future challenges. This point emphasizes on need for organizations to develop sound visions. The development of a sound vision could be a simple task. However, the main hurdle lies in the ability of the organization to communicate and implement organizational activities in line with the vision. This is what often separates the leadership of an organization from the other. The most pressing question that ought to be asked is how the leader of an organization can improve the image and the position of the organization through being the main advocate o f the organization’s vision. The first thing that should be done by the leader of an organization is to master the vision of an organization. An organizational leader frequently communicates with the public about the organization. The vision of an organization is a symbolic factor in the building of the culture of an organization. Through the embrace of the vision of an organization, the organizational leader helps an organization to gain a given identification in the market and the industry in which the organization operates (Zaccaro Banks 2001). Lussier and Achua (2010) opined that there are several known organizations that have portrayed the ability of leading through vision. One such example is notable in the leadership of Apple Incorporated under the leadership of Steve Jobs. During his tenure as the leader of the company, Jobs managed to instil the culture of innovation through crafting and enforcing the vision, which entailed creativity and innovation. Steve Jobs was at the centre of every activity in the organization, which was meant to propel the organization towards meeting its key objective of driving the market through innovation (Daft Lane 2008). Responsibility One of the most ignored, yet a critical principle of organizational leadership is responsibility. The principle of responsibility is closely related to accountability. The two qualities work in close relation. Responsibility in leadership begins with the search for ways through which the performance of an organization can be enhanced. It then trickles down to the acceptance of blame and correction, when the decisions or strategies hit the tough end. Therefore, responsibility is an elaborate quality of leadership. It entails the establishment of the workable strategies for the organization, as well as accountability for the outcomes of the strategies that are applied in the organization. The question of responsibility in leadership resonates from the fact that leaders are trusted wi th both the human and material sources of organizations. Therefore, they are supposed to account for the existence and application of these resources in organizational work and the subsequent outcomes (Epitropaki Martin 2005). This can be likened to the exercise of auditing in organizations, where organizational leaders often require explaining how they utilized organizational resources in meeting organizational objectives. However, sometimes the principle of responsibility in leadership is mistaken with the vice of covering up the negative aspects of organizational performance. This is a critical area of leadership basing on the argument that organizational leaders are supposed to be ambassadors of their organizations. Any person who is given the responsibility to spearhead a certain course becomes the main championing factor for that course (Hinrichs et al. 2012). The rationale behind the action of failing to expose aspects of negative performance within organizations is that the y may taint the image of the organization among the public. Therefore, any practices with such an intention could as well be termed as an act of irresponsibility in leadership. Responsibility calls for a complete observation and explanation of processes and actions taken by the organization. Risks and uncertainties are often accepted by organizations. As organizations keep operating, they can hardly avoid risks. Risks cause organizations to sway from their plans, thus they may fail to meet some of the goals. The essence of true responsibility in leadership is portrayed at the time when organizations are facing difficulties (Smith Sharma 2002). During this period, most leaders tend to dissociate themselves from the happenings. The sense of true leadership and the quality of responsibility is replicated at a point where organizational leaders are willing to stand the organization. Leaders are supposed to explain the causes of the wrong happenings and try to devise solutions to such s ituations (Hinrichs et al. 2012). According to Masi and Cooke (2000), empowerment is not only a responsibility of a leader, but also an important tool through which organizations attain desired relations between organizational leaders and their subordinates. The quality of a leader is often determined by the organizational employees. Employees or subordinates value leaders who engage them in leadership. The embrace of the culture of empowerment by organizational leaders helps to attain participatory or inclusive leadership. This is a behavioural tactic of organizational leadership. It creates the sense of ownership within the subordinates. Subordinates are motivated by the fact that they are given knowledge and responsibility to administer organizational factors. For quite a long time, organizations have used the quality of empowerment to manage performance. The practice of empowerment enhances the relationship between leaders and the subordinates. Empowerment can also begin by the virtue of the establishment of workable relationship between a leader and the employees. Such relationships result to psychological empowerment. This form of empowerment increases the level of employee commitment to the organization (Masi Cooke 2000). The other form of empowerment that is perhaps the most valid form of leadership in the contemporary times is offering employees autonomy and resources. Modern leadership values the equipping of organizational subordinates with all the desired resources and the necessary additional support, including skills and leaving the subordinates to discharge their duties, devoid of a lot of supervision. Employees are often left to work on organizational projects without much subordination from the leadership. Under such a case, organizational leadership only comes in at the latter stages, probably to assess the work that has been done by organizational employees (Masi Cooke 2000). This is the most desired principle of leadership that has been u sed by the leadership of organizations such as Microsoft Corporation. In Microsoft, Bill Gates believes in the principle of empowering organizational teams, which leads to invention. Empowerment is a principle that has proven to be effective in leading project work within organizations. The main challenge with the enforcement of subordinate empowerment is that organizations’ subordinates may take advantage of this, thereby failing to discharge organizational functions as required (Bednarz 2011). Tamkin, Pearson, Hirsh and Constable (2010) ascertained that true leaders believe in the growth of people and the organization though performance. One of the fundamental functions of organizational leadership is to spearhead the performance of tasks within the organization. However, this may be disputed by people who see leadership as an aspect of ensuring that the set processes and procedures are followed by organizational members. While this has some sort of truth, it is termed as a n archaic perspective of exercising leadership. The prevailing environment of management calls for transformational and transactional leadership. Transformational leadership dwells on bringing about change (Mannarelli 2006). Change is brought about through the continued observation of practices and making adjustments that are meant to improve the quality of performance. Leaders are assessed in terms of the amount of change that they bring about during their tenure. A sound leader has to be able to master the ability of each person within his circle of leadership. Different people have different abilities. This is because the ability of an individual is determined by a number of things among them the level of skills, the quality of resources and personal motivation among others. Through group and individual engagement with people, a leader becomes able to unlock the full potential of people. This aids to nurture the long-term value of the people in the organization, thereby enhancing the performance of the organization. Outstanding leaders learn how to mould the performance of people through the creation of growth opportunities. This often begins with the creation of trust between the leader and the people. When there is no trust in the leader, it becomes difficult for organizational leaders to create a learning environment (Tamkin et al. 2010). Communication is also a critical concept of leadership. Therefore, an outstanding leader must learn how to foster communication in the organizations. It is argued that communication is a critical concept of conveying messages to the subordinates. Through communication, the leader also gets feedback from the subordinates. Of relevance in organizational communication is the fostering of a communicating organization. By a communicating organization, it means that the leader has to open the channels of communication between him and the subordinates. At the same time, there must be communication between the subordinates as t his is one way through which the subordinates improve in the discharge of their duties. The offer of trust, which is one of the vital elements of encouraging performance in organizational teams, begins with communication. Outstanding leaders must go up to all odds to ensure that they foster interaction within the organization. Communication is the link through which trusting relationships are formed in the organization. Trusting relationships encourage honest interactions that are quite fruitful for the organization (de Vries, Bakker-Pieper Oostenveld 2010). As mentioned earlier, outstanding leaders must encourage open communication. Open communication here means that there should be clear channels of communication, where the leader can give instructions and receive feedback from the people. This implies that the gaps that can prevent organizational subordinates from communicating to the leader must be sealed. However, open communication is the quality of leadership, which only wor ks in organizations that embrace democratic principles of leadership. However, it has been observed that most organizations are adopting the democratic principles of leadership. Also, organizations that are still old to bureaucracy encourage feedback communication (Tamkin et al. 2010). Conclusion Leadership is a critical determinant of success in every facet of management. It is argued that leadership is an attribute of management, which is developed by a leader. This paper has explored the principles of leadership that can be used to develop a leadership philosophy by a leader. Leadership principles that have been explored in this paper include the pursuance of open communication, growth of people through performance, empowerment of self and subordinates, exercising responsibility and accountability, the embrace of visionary evangelism, and the exercise of self-awareness. In the paper, it has been observed that leadership is something that is developed through the combination of di verse attributes of management. In other words, it argues that no single attribute can form satisfactory leadership. This makes leadership a comprehensive exercise, thereby calling from the combination of different principles of leadership. As noted in the discussion, leadership principles are developed from the behaviours and traits of leaders. 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